Constitutional Law of the EU Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Protected Law of the EU - Case Study Example People were given the option to bring activities before the ECJ for legal survey of the demonstrations of Community foundations under Article 173. In any case, as a methods for upholding singular rights, this Article has restricted utility as, first, people are not allowed to bring activities against Member States and accordingly have no rights or cures where a State damages their Community law rights and, also, people are required to exhibit that the measure is a choice which is of immediate and individual worry to the candidate. An individual can't challenge guidelines except if it is evident that it is simply a choice in the attire of a regulation1. The individual must show that the impacts of the choice apply straightforwardly to the candidate without relying upon the activity of tact by another body2. Additionally, the choice must influence the person's lawful position3. The ECJ has accepted its own view with regards to the nature and impact of arrangements known as the precept of 'direct impact.' The idea of Direct Effect of EC law was created by the ECJ to permit people and associations to utilize the arrangements of EC law inside their Member States' residential courts without sitting tight for the Member State to satisfy some commitment which it had discarded to do. In spite of the fact that, people could whine to the Commission, all things considered they couldn't force the Commission to guarantee that their privileges were implemented if the Commission was cautious of doing so4. The ramifications of this jurisprudential idea is that people can acquire the necessary order straightforwardly from network law, for authorization in their own national courts. It likewise puts control in the possession of normal people, according to the arrangements of Article 226 EC, which empowers the Commission to start procedures against Member States for penetrates. Direct impact has thusly engaged each resident of the Union to take an interest effectively and as such has brought the network into their lives. Its lawful establishments were built up in Van Gend En Loos 5 in which the Court held that an individual was qualified for conjure Article 25 EC so as to deny Member States from presenting new traditions obligations on imports and sends out and different charges having equal impacts. The Court held that Article 25 EC was straightforwardly successful and could be tested by people in the national courts. Anyway the ECJ contemplated that immediate impact exists and that the people may have the rights given upon them legitimately under EC bargains. This thinking depended on the need to do the political and authoritative program that the arrangements had decided to make a network of states as well as of personsthat requires the support of everyone. The soul of the introduction to the EC infers that reference must be made not exclusively to part governments yet additionally to people, and is in this way, in excess of an understanding which makes shared commitments between the contracting states. Along these lines it is unmistakable from other global settlements and establishes another legitimate request of worldwide law to support which the expressed have constrained their sovereign rights, despite the fact that inside restricted fields, the subjects of which include part states as well as their nationals. In this way it was inferred that, network lawis planned to give upon people rights which become some portion of their

Creating A Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Making A Writing Technology In perusing Tribble and Trubeks’ â€Å"Writing Materials† I discovered that composing is a result of authentic conditions and social qualities just as of individual invention.(2). The perusing determinations empowered me to acknowledge exactly the amount I and numerous others underestimate present day innovation. In the book keeping in touch with itself is characterized as innovation, which lost me from the get-go in this task. I’d already just idea of innovation as something that utilizes power or some sort of battery. I do comprehend that composing has been from numerous points of view culminated by advancements, for example, the typewriter and PC yet thinking of itself as an innovation despite everything is by all accounts a piece past me. My absence of comprehension made this task somewhat troublesome yet intriguing yet what was progressively troublesome was simply the venture. Attempting to make a thought for a creation was a difficult undertaking, yet after heaps of thought and agendas, I had the option to deliver a thought that I thought practical. I thought that it was exceptionally simple to consider a wide range of thoughts without a moment's delay and afterward experience them individually marking off the things that weren't right or unnatural about them. One of the primary thoughts I investigated was writing in mud. It was normal, I didn’t need numerous materials and it appeared to be sufficiently simple. Yet, I arrived at the resolution that the content would be hard to see, just as comprehend and the mud would likely disintegrate into pieces. Another thought I investigated was writing in the sand. There were numerous things amiss with this thought. In the first place, whatever I kept the sand in would be unnatural. Additionally if the sand was moved, so was the content and ultimately where in hell was I going to discover sand in my high ris e. At last I found a thought that I figured could very well work. I would compose a message on the bark of a tree with leaves utilizing that sap from the tree to make the leaves adhere to the bark. It appeared to be sufficiently simple, everything was normal however the main thing was that it likely wouldn’t keep going extremely long. This I figured would just be a minor obstruction in light of the fact that likewise with the innovation of every single new innovation there would be a couple of glitches.

A Performance Including Education :: Drama

This errand was to remember instruction for an exhibition to be appeared to elementary younger students. This presentation expected to think about issues comprehended by offspring of this age and honestly and straight forward while clarifying the message. Three weeks back we were set a task to go on as of not long ago. This assignment was to remember training for an exhibition to be appeared to grade younger students. This exhibition expected to consider issues comprehended by offspring of this age and all things considered and straight forward while clarifying the message. My first response when I knew about this errand was one of fervor and uneasiness. I realized this task would be testing which made me eager to begin as quickly as time permits. Anyway I was stressed as I realized that all thoughts would need to be adjusted for the age gathering and that there would be oversight issues. There were numerous thoughts placed in to a conversation on the principal day of the task. Inside our gathering these were our principle thoughts Abuse, drugs, smoking, trust issues and harassing. Anyway we knew the vast majority of these thoughts were not good for the age gathering of the crowd so we limited it down to three primary thoughts smoking, trust issues and harassing. We knew that whatever thought we utilized we would need to make it funny to permit the youngsters to have a ball. We likewise had a few thoughts on the best way to depict these thoughts permitting the crowd to comprehend and appreciate the humor. These thoughts were-Men In Black(spoof), Batman(spoof) and Spider pants (unique character produced using ordinary hero names and character). During the practices we experienced the various thoughts and from the start we chose to carry on tormenting through companion pressure anyway when we played out this to the gathering we found that it was exhausting which was not what we were focusing on. So we at that point changed to believe issues utilizing creepy crawly pants (we were unable to utilize men dressed in dark as we discovered it had as of now been done beforehand we additionally couldn't do batman due to the ensembles and props expected to make it realistic),However we couldn't to do our concept of insect pants because of the deplorable absents without anyone else and someone else in the gathering and so when we played out this it didn't come out right. We at that point in the long run changed to a play about ruffians. This involved the subject of trust issues and was silly. It was not just the thoughts that would not work however, we before long found that a few individuals from our gathering were not set up to work to the degree

The Most Popular Uc Essay Prompt Samples

The Most Popular Uc Essay Prompt Samples Uc Essay Prompt Samples Secrets Then large school happened. In this instance, it's college admissions officers who need to locate students that are eager to learn and be exposed to new ideas and ideas. Health and physical fitness essay for asl. Or took on how best to select from any college. However, even when you don't know about any requirements our specialists can help you. Order top-notch essay at the moment and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. As a result of this guarantee, the delivered order will incorporate all essential particulars. At precisely the same time, you will impress the college admissions folks greatly if it is possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. For instance, some of them just have zero time to deal with dozens of assignments that keep bombarding from every side. One reason that the admissions office wishes to f igure out which of the applicants has been through something unlike the majority of other people is that they're hoping to raise the number of points of view in the student body. Even more than knowing that you had the ability to fix the issue, colleges wish to observe how you approached the scenario. Talk about your ambitions and the way you're planning to get the established objective. In case you have any questions, you can get in touch with our friendly support team night and day and get immediate assistance. Describe the most essential challenge you've faced and the steps that you have taken to overcome this challenge. Not only are you going to describe the challenge itself, but you will chat about what you did when faced with that. The New Angle On Uc Essay Prompt Samples Just Released This is only one approach to approach choosing prompts. Before you're able to fix an issue, you've got to understand that the problem exists. Discuss how to assist and effect prompt as sistance. The very first approach to this essay is to speak about an opportunity you've embraced. Along with every one of the UC prompts below, you will locate a few strategies about how to best tackle each brief essay. How to compose a personal statement colleges may wish to read. Picking your favourite subject ought to be pretty straightforward. For instance, you hope to be a doctor later on since you love biology and chemistry. For instance, if your preferred topic is the area of literature, you could speak about your experiences with diverse genres or with foreign writers. The UC application seems like a riddle. The UC system has ever had one primary application that each of the campuses share. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Generally, one particular essay can become your individual statement for different applications. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised. Begin by drafting a response to one of the essays in the very first category. Essay on the best way to change a tire. Writing a health school essay. The prompt for this essay clarifies that even when you don't have an exceptional story to tell, you still need to don't hesitate to select this topic. Instead, you've got to realize that inside this essay, like in the rest of the essays, the how matters far more than the what. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Really, the application essays are a lot closer to a quick story. Make your essay appear much better. This essay would like to know whether this mindset of out-of-the-box-ness is something you're already comfortable with. How to compose a dystopia essay. The very first portion of this essay is all about problem-solving.

The Major Debate On The Formation Of The Constitution

The major debate in the formation of the Constitution was regarding the abuses in the British representation of the colonies and how colonist could be equally represented. The events prior to 1776 were pivotal moments that led to the Independence in 1776. The major event that shaped distain for the British was the French and Indian war (1756-1763). Before the French and Indian war the colonist under the British rule had been left alone to govern themselves. Directly after the war is when the British forced political and economic control on the colonies. There was great debate over who should pay off the war debt. Britain was forcing the colonist to pay for the war debt, â€Å"Britain’s motive and her interest was not attachment, Britain did not protect from our enemies, we protected hers† (Paine 107). As a result, the British passed taxation acts on goods, such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. The colonist tried to push back on the British control. Colonist began boy cotting goods imported into America. Boycotting became a major role in defiant actions against Britain. Compared it to being s â€Å"slave† Representation became a key issue within the colonies. Colonists were unhappy how they were being represented within the British rule. This is where the â€Å"taxation without representation† comes into play. In 1766 Britain passed the Declaratory Act that said that the parliament had the authority to pass laws for the colonists. This is an example of a â€Å"virtual† governing whereShow MoreRelatedDebate over the Strength of Central Government1056 Words   |  5 PagesDebate Over the Strength of Central Government The period of 1783-1800 was shaped by the debate between those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more power given to the states. This period dealt with issues surrounding the formations of factions that threatened to split the young nation, the inclusion of a Bill of Rights, and the constitutionality of a national bank. Factions divided the people into those who supported a strong central government and thoseRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Early Formation Of The United States933 Words   |  4 PagesStarting a new country will have the same problems. This was apparent in the early formation of this great country. Weather it be differences in the way the people thing the country should be run, and the mistakes on how it actually works. The political parties have the conflicts that show we are going to have to grow, and adapt to an ever-changing society. From rebellions to political parties the early formation of the United States was full of turmoil and learning. The steps we have had to takeRead MoreWhat Is The Creation Of The United States Identity1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Creation of the United State’s Identity The enactment of the Constitution fabricated the United States’ identity. Through the ratification process dynamic factions developed and created the initial formation of political parties. The establishment of both the Federalist and anti-federalist groups contributed key components in the formation of the present day system of government. While the Federalists illuminated national awareness and necessity, the anti-federalists assured the protectionRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Were Not A Productive Form Of Government1595 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of states. The Constitution of 1787 is one of the most influential legal documents as-well-as one of the world s oldest surviving constitutions. The Constitution was drawn up because there were problems with the Articles of Confederation, and the Federal Government needed to be made stronger. Giving the Federal government more power was an idea of the Philadelphia delegates. They wanted the Articles to be discarded and substituted with a completely new constitution to create a strongerRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention Of 17871383 Words   |  6 Pageslegislature as a means to best represent the people. Hamilton instead believed that the federal government should be based upon the British constitution and monarchy. At the convention s conclusion, the delegates had created the U.S. Constitution which included several major political compromises among the differing factions within the Constitutional Convention. (Dahl, Debate on Representation, Lecture) The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, decided the issue of representation inRead MoreEssay on The Major Causes of the Civil War897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the union was separating into the North and the South. The Constitution played a major role in the separation that was occurring. Through sectional favoritism of bits and pieces of the Constitution and through ideas that were left out of it, the Constitution led to sectional discord and nearly the failure of the union. A major issue that caused major sectional discord was the constitutionality of slavery. In the constitution there was no mention of slavery of fears that it would divide theRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesHouston Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________________ In one of the most important moments in the history of the republic was the Watergate scandal that stretched the constitution to its very limits. It was a case that challenged the system of checks and balances of the branches of government. The president invoked what is referred to as executive privilege. Executive privilege as defined by Kinkopf is: The variety of privilegesRead MoreJohn Locke And James Harrington Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical institutional development is constantly evolving before, during and after the ratification of the United States Constitution due to an influx of different cultures ideals and opinions. The foundation of Political thought in America commences with the works of John Locke and James Harrington. Locke creates a baseline for the American Revolution to follow. He cites major elements within his thought such as Natural right, Social contract, government by consent and the right of constituentsRead MoreHow Democratic Is The American Constitution Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesis the American Constitution? is how effective the Constitution is at promoting the ideals of a democracy. For Dahl, there are several issues surrounding the Constitution, from its drafting, to its ideology, to its relevance. By analyzing Dahl’s critiques of the Constitution in terms of the parallels that exist between factions and the two-party system, the issue of unequal representation, and the necessity for the Framers to compromise on their ideals to ratify the Constitution, Dahl defined aRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation From A New Constitution1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim o f this paper is to talk about the different actions taken to replace the Articles of Confederation to bring about a new Constitution. I will first start out by giving some background on the Article of Confederation as to what it was and why it was important for the US? Secondly, I will provide the reader with some of the strengths and weaknesses of the Article of Confederation. Why did the Article of Confederation fail? Third, I will talk about the actions that were taken to replace the

Do the Evil Deserve Sympathy in Grendel or Beowulf Essay

According to Dictionary.com Sympathy can be defined as â€Å"the fact or power of sharing the feelings of another, esp. in sorrow or trouble; fellow feeling, compassion, or commiseration.† (dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sympathy) Pertinently this definition, as well as the information provided after reading both, The Poem Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel. and the novel Grendel by John Gardner, it appears evident that the character Grendel gains more sympathy from the reader than that of the character Beowulf. Sympathys definition, as previously stated implies that one, in this case the reader, can share feelings with another, Grendel, most often said feelings are that of sorrow. One instance, when you can particularly sympathize with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pompous, Pompous ass!† I hissed. But she was beautiful and she surrendered herself with the dignity of a sacrificial virgin. My chest was full of pain, my eyes smarted, and I was afraid-- O mo nstrous trick against reason-- I was afraid I was about to sob. (100) In fact, Grendel even sees himself running out to her and groveling at her feet. â€Å" I could see myself leaping from my high tree and running on all fours through the crowd to her, howling, whimpering, throwing myself down, drooling and groveling at her small, fur-booted feet. â€Å"Mercy!† †. It appears obvious to the reader, that Grendel has some sort of compassion with in him, as he knows that Hygmod giving up his sister to Hrothgar appears wrong. Through out the story, the reader constantly questions Grendels actions, for one moment he seems like the horrible creature, as he maims and kills innocents, for no apparent reason, however at other times he knows he must do the right thing, and not be that evil monster. Such as when he rushes the meadhall, and goes after the Queen, Wealtheow, the same woman he that he saw throwing himself at her feet. I decided to kill her. I firmly committed myself toShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Scale Of The Poem Beowulf 2968 Words   |à ‚  12 PagesThe Anglo-Saxon story of Beowulf, as it appears in the version written by an unknown author in the early Middle Ages, is unique as a rare surviving example of epic poetry in the English tradition. In this paper, I will show the qualities that make Beowulf an epic, and I will explain the significance of the epic scale of the poem by looking at the battles that take place in the story. The three great beasts that Beowulf has to defeat represent the fears of the Danes about the uncontrollable violenceRead More Comparing and Contrasting the Monsters of Beowulf with Today ´s Criminals3020 Words   |  13 Pages In any classic story about heroes and villains, the monsters involved are often characterized as the evil ones and, consequently, receive no justice under the law. Throughout the epic story Beowulf, the hero of the story encounters three monsters that are threats to society: Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. The monsters in Beowulf are quickly targeted and destroyed because of the harm they cause to society. However, upon further examination of the monsters and the motives for their

Computer Based Decision Support or Business Intelligence System

Question: Discuss about the Computer Based Decision Support or Business Intelligence System. Answer: Introduction The major aim of this study is to investigate and analyze data collected for the DSS payments by Commonwealth Electoral Division. Therefore, this project proposal also aims to evaluate the fact that whether social security payments are distributed fairly across the country or is there evidence of politically motivated spending in marginal electorates by major parties for the electoral gain. Hence, in this regard, this study provides a brief description of the project context and the issues relevant to the dataset. Moreover, this study also identifies the users of the proposed system along with the explanation of the decision structure. The BIS or DSS architecture is also aimed to be deployed along with proposing software option for DSS/BIS prototype solution. Finally, this proposal also highlights the design of an interface for displaying the research findings. Identification The context of project is based on the investigation of the facts regarding the fair distribution of social security payment across the country and the evidence availability of politically motivated spending in the marginal electorates by the key parties for electoral gain. Few issues have been identified related to the large dataset. The major problems are the excel butchery, date or time mismatch, text field formatting, undocumented missing data codes, confusing column names, undocumented or missing codes of data as well as something changed in the middle of the data collection (Turban, Sharda and Delen 2012). In order to get rid of these issues, business analytics should be properly incorporated while preparing the dataset as it is such a practice of methodical and iterative exploration of the huge range of data with the emphasis on the statistical analysis (Sauter 2014). Moreover, it is utilized by the organizations for the data driven decision making. Hence, in regards to the Business Analytics, DSS can be recommended, which is a computerized information system utilized for supporting decision-making and it lets the users for sifting through and analyzing the massive teams of data and compiling information that can be utilized for solving issues and making better decisions (Bonczek, Holsapple and Whinston 2014). Moreover, Business Intelligence System can also be recommended in terms of analyzing the raw dataset as it deals several crucial activities such as online analytical processing, reporting, querying and data mining. Both the Decisions Support Systems and Business Intelligence systems can help in resolving the issues mentioned and identified above. DSS is capable enough of producing the comprehensive information and it is different from the operations application (Zikmund et al. 2013). Moreover, BIS plays significant role in analyze large set of semi-structured and unstructured data. Analysis and Design The problem statement associated with this research is to find whether the payments for social security are distributed fairly across the country. Moreover, another problem can be the availability of evidence of politically motivated spending by the major parties in the marginal electorates for electoral gain. In this regard, the researcher intends to get these facts by accessing the data available on these DSS payments by the electorates as well as any other publically present data sets for seeing if there is evidence of biased spending. The major users would be the aged people who are eligible for social security payments and the government agencies who have the responsibilities of electoral operations (Wixom et al. 2014). For the proposed system, operational, tactical and strategic levels of managerial control are required. This is simply because, the huge data set are necessary to be operated through the tactical, strategic and operational processes of DSS or BIS. Apart from that the decision should be made in a structured manner in order to resolve the issue related to the DSS payments by the electorates. The DSS or BIs architecture should be implemented in this scenario by deploying model in terms of gaining more optimization (Ngai et al. 2014). On the other hand, implemented DSS or BIS architecture should have the capability of resolving the issues with the provided data of DSS payments of electorates. In other words, the DSS or BIS architecture should be capable of perfectly evaluating the fact whether the data set is accurate, complete, adequate, timely and clean enough. There are several software options those can be proposed for the DSS or BIS prototype solution such as Powerpoint click-through, Access, Excel, SAS software, C#, Tableau and many other software tools (Ik, Jones and Sidorova 2013). Hence, in this scenario, SAS software would be the most appropriate one as it has the capability of mining, retrieving, managing and altering data from various sources and performing statistical analysis on it. This software tool of DSS or BIS architecture would be helpful in implementing data visualization and business analytics through dashboards, charts and graphs. Figure 1: Development Plan of DSS or BIS prototype (Source: Rausch, Sheta and Ayesh 2013) Conclusion After outlining the entire project proposal, it can be stated that the implementation of an efficient DSS or BIS prototype can help Commonwealth Electoral Division for effectively analyzing the raw data given in a dataset and for generating insights by presenting the information in a meaningful way. Hence, in this regard, this proposal has successfully identified associated with the project and tried to portray the most suitable avenue for resolving the consequences through the implementation of BIS and DSS prototype. References Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C.W. and Whinston, A.B., 2014.Foundations of decision support systems. Academic Press. Ik, ., Jones, M.C. and Sidorova, A., 2013. Business intelligence success: The roles of BI capabilities and decision environments.Information Management,50(1), pp.13-23. Ngai, E.W.T., Peng, S., Alexander, P. and Moon, K.K., 2014. Decision support and intelligent systems in the textile and apparel supply chain: An academic review of research articles.Expert Systems with Applications,41(1), pp.81-91. Rausch, P., Sheta, A.F. and Ayesh, A. eds., 2013.Business intelligence and performance management: theory, systems and industrial applications. Springer Science Business Media. Sauter, V.L., 2014.Decision support systems for business intelligence. John Wiley Sons. Tank, D.M., 2015. Enable better and timelier decision-making using real-time business intelligence system.International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business,7(1), p.43. Turban, E., Sharda, R. and Delen, D., 2012.Decision support and business intelligence systems. Pearson Education India. Wixom, B., Ariyachandra, T., Douglas, D., Goul, M., Gupta, B., Iyer, L., Kulkarni, U., Mooney, J.G., Phillips-Wren, G. and Turetken, O., 2014. The current state of business intelligence in academia: The arrival of big data.Communications of the Association for Information Systems,34(1), p.1 Wu, D.D., Chen, S.H. and Olson, D.L., 2014. Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses.Information Sciences,256, pp.1-7 Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Questions on Physics free essay sample

What happens to the strength of an electric field when the charge on the test charge is halved? 6. What happens to the electric potential energy of a charged particle in an electric field when the particle is released and free to move? 7. A test charge experiences a force on . 30N on it when it is placed in an electric field intensity of 4. 5 x 10? N/C. What is the magnitude of the charge? Q= 6. 7 x 10-7C 8. What is the electric field strength 20. 0 cm from a point charge of 8. 0 x 10 C? E=1. 8X105 N/C 9. How much work is done to transfer 0. 15C of charge through an electric potential difference of 9. V? W=1. 35J 10. A voltmeter measures the electric potential difference between two parallel plates to be 60. 0 V when the plates are separated by 3. 0 cm. What is the electric field strength between the plates? 11. Describe two ways to increase the current in a circuit. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions on Physics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 12. Sue finds a device that look like a resistor. When she connects it to a 1. 5V battery, she measures only 45 x 10 A, but when she uses a 3. 0 V battery, she measures 25 x 10 A. Does the device obey Ohm’s law? NO 13. Refer to the diagram below to answer the following questions. a. What should the ammeter reading be? 1. 5 A b. What should the voltmeter reading be? 27V c. How much power is delivered to the resistor? 40. 5 W d. How much energy is delivered to the resistor per hour? 1. 46105 J/hr. 14. For each of the following write the form of circuit that applies: series or parallel. e. The current is the same everywhere throughout the entire circuit. f. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistance. g. The voltage drop across each resistor in the circuit is the same. h. The voltage drop in the circuit is proportional to the resistance. i. Adding a resistor to the circuit decreases the total resistance. j. The voltage drop to the circuit increases the total resistance. k. If the current through one resistor in the circuit goes to zero, there is no current in the entire circuit. l. If the current through one resistor in the current goes to zero, the current through all the other resistors remains the same. m. This form is suitable for house wiring. 15. The load across a battery consists of two resistors with values of 15 ohms and 47 ohms, connected in series. n. What is the total resistance of the load? 62? o. What is the voltage of the battery if the current in the circuit is 97mA? 6. 0V 16. A 16. 0 ohm and a 20. ohm resistor are connected in parallel. A difference in potential of 40. 0 V is applied to the combination. p. Compute the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit. 8. 9? q. What is the total current in the circuit? 4. 5V r. What is the current in the 16. 0ohm resistor? 2. 5 A 17. Describe how a permanent magnet differs from a temporary magnet. 18. A wire that is 0. 50m a nd carrying a current of 8. 0A is at a right angle to a uniform magnetic field. The force on the wire is . 40N. What is the strength of the magnetic field? B=0. 1 T 19. A beam of electrons moves at right angles to a magnetic field of 6. x 10 T. The electrons have a velocity of 2. 5 x 10? m/s. What is the magnitude of the force on each electron? F=2. 410-14 N 20. An electric wire inside the wall of a building carries a dc current of 25 A vertically upward. What is the magnetic field due to this current at a point10 cm due north of the wire? B=5. 0x10-5T 21. Describe interference. Is interference a property of only some types of waves or all types of waves? 22. What happens to a spring at the nodes of standing waves? 23. Water waves in a lake travel 3. 4m in 1. 8s. The period of oscillation in 1. 1s. s. What is the speed of the water waves? 1. 9m/s t. What is their wavelength? 2. 1m 24. The frequency of yellow lights is 5. 1 x 10 Hz. Find the wavelength of yellow light. The speed of light is 3. 0 x 10? m/s. 5. 910-7 m 25. If the pitch of sound is increases, what are the changes in the following? u. the frequency v. the wavelength w. the wave velocity x. the amplitude of the wave 26. The sound from a trumpet travels at 351m/s in air. If the frequency of the note is 298Hz, what is the wavelength of the sound wave? 1. 18m 27. A ray of light strikes a mirror at an angle of 38Â ° to the normal. What is the angle that the reflected angle makes with the normal? 38o 28. A ray of light incident upon a mirror makes an angle of 36Â ° with the mirror. What is the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray? 108o 29. An object is placed 15 cm from a converging lens with a focal length of 10 cm. Determine the image location. Draw the ray diagram for this situation and describe the image. d i = 30. 0 cm 30. An object is 36. 0 cm in front of a concave mirror with a 16. 0 cm focal length. Determine the image position. Draw the ray diagram for this situation and describe the image d i = 28. 8cm

pH, pKa, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH, pKa, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The  pH  is  a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. pKa (acid dissociation constant) is related, but more specific, in that it helps you predict what a molecule will do at a specific pH. Essentially, pKa tells you what the pH needs to be in order for a chemical species to donate or accept a proton. The  Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes the relationship between pH and pKa. pH and pKa Once you have pH or pKa values, you know certain things about a solution and how it compares with other solutions: The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, [H]. The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater its ability to donate protons.pH depends on the concentration of the solution. This is important because it means a weak acid could actually have a lower pH than a diluted strong acid. For example, concentrated vinegar (acetic acid, which is a weak acid) could have a lower pH than a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (a strong acid). On the other hand, the pKa value is a constant for each type of molecule. It is unaffected by concentration.Even a chemical ordinarily considered a base can have a pKa value because the terms acids and bases simply refer to whether a species will give up protons (acid) or remove them (base). For example, if you have a base Y with a pKa of 13, it will accept protons and form YH, but when the pH exceeds 13, YH will be deprotonated and become Y. Because Y removes protons at a pH greater than the pH of neutral water (7), it is cons idered a base. Relating pH and pKa With the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation If you know either pH or pKa you can solve for the other value using an approximation called the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH pKa   log ([conjugate base]/[weak acid])pH pkalog ([A-]/[HA]) pH is the sum of the pKa value and the log of the concentration of the conjugate base divided by the concentration of the weak acid. At half the equivalence point: pH pKa Its worth noting sometimes this equation is written for the Ka value rather than pKa, so you should know the relationship:   pKa -logKa Assumptions That Are Made for the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The reason the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is an approximation is because it takes water chemistry out of the equation. This works when water is the solvent and is present in a very large proportion to the [H] and acid/conjugate base. You shouldnt try to apply the approximation for concentrated solutions. Use the approximation only when the following conditions are met: −1  Ã‚  log ([A−]/[HA])  Ã‚  1Molarity of buffers should be 100x greater than that of the acid ionization constant Ka.Only use strong acids or strong bases if the pKa values fall between 5 and 9. Example pKa and pH Problem Find [H] for a solution of 0.225 M NaNO2 and 1.0 M HNO2. The Ka value (from a table) of HNO2 is 5.6 x 10-4. pKa  Ã‚  Ã¢Ë†â€™log  Ka  Ã‚  Ã¢Ë†â€™log(7.4Ãâ€"10−4)  Ã‚  3.14 pH pka log ([A-]/[HA]) pH  Ã‚  pKa  Ã‚  log([NO2-]/[HNO2]) pH  Ã‚  3.14  Ã‚  log(1/0.225) pH  Ã‚  3.14  Ã‚  0.648  Ã‚  3.788 [H]  Ã‚  10−pH  Ã‚  10−3.788  Ã‚  1.6Ãâ€"10−4 pH, pKa, and Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Key Takeaways The pka is the pH value at which a chemical species will accept or donate a proton.The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater the ability to donate a proton in aqueous solution.The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pKa and pH. However, it is only an approximation and should not be used for concentrated solutions or for extremely low pH acids or high pH bases. Sources de Levie, Robert. (2003). The Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations. J. Chem. Educ. 80 (2): 146. doi:10.1021/ed080p146Hasselbalch, K. A. (1917). Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensure desselben, und die Sauerstoffbindung des Blutes als Funktion der Wasserstoffzahl. Biochemische Zeitschrift. 78: 112–144.Lawrence J. Henderson (1 May 1908). Concerning the relationship between the strength of acids and their capacity to preserve neutrality (Abstract). Am. J. Physiol. 21 (4): 173–179.Po, Henry N.; Senozan, N. M. (2001). Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations. J. Chem. Educ. 78 (11): 1499–1503. doi:10.1021/ed078p1499

Problems faced by Grandiose Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problems faced by Grandiose Motors - Essay Example Being proactive in his approach, the CEO wants to make sure that the planning for inventory management is done in advance so that the company can remain efficient. A major factor, which Felix Fabulous has extracted out, which could cause problems to the company is the inventory management system of the spare parts which are used in after sales service, one of the most important reasons why customers prefer Grandiose Motors over its competitors. In order to maintain the reputation of the company as an excellent provider of after sales service, the CEO wants to make sure that the purchasing and inventory management of the service parts should remain as efficient as possible and the company must be able to provide all the necessary spare parts without delaying customer wait time and at the same time reduce the cost of inventory holding and other operations in order to provide customers with low priced after sales service car repairs.. That is why he wants the purchasing department to de vise strategies for improved purchasing and warehousing of spare parts and other materials. A car dealership is a business in which profitability depends on per square foot of floor space and as vehicles occupy a lot of space, it is important that any car dealership must allocate maximum space to accommodate the placement of vehicles. In order to do so, it must utilize a much lesser space for other operations such as keeping and warehousing inventory. In light of this, Grandiose Motors faces the following problems related to space availability and inventory management: All the parts had different levels of demand and different suppliers; hence the company had to deal with many suppliers at the same time. This prohibited the company to achieve cost cutting as they could not purchase bulk quantity from a single supplier at a discount.

G-20 and other Global Organizations Research Paper

G-20 and other Global Organizations - Research Paper Example G-20 initiates close cooperation with other international organizations like World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Financial Stability Board, and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision; moreover, experts from private and governmental organizations have been invited to the summit on an ad hoc basis (www.g20.org). New financial policies adopted by the core committee have evoked severe response from the public in many countries, particularly, Canada. Toronto was the hot potato during this jolt as it gathered world’s major financial leaders amidst warnings that their failure to cooperate on core financial and economic issues cold cost tens of millions of jobs across the globe. The inapplicability of the policies of G-8 resulted in framing a more powerful G-20 to overcome the financial crises the world face at the moment. The G-20 richest countries in the world gathered to facilitate discussions on international financial meltdown and finding out repairs to international capitalist system. The problem starts when the G-20 meeting is announced as the protestors keep in focus the issues related to continued lockouts and strikes at factories, job cuts, pension destructions, eviction of houses, rise in unemployment, uncertainty and homelessness of employees. The meeting essentially takes place to discuss only problems such as recession, bank failures, regulatory wreckage, falling trade, rising unemployment and anti poverty targets. Whenever there is a G-20 meet, it is common to see a large crowd of people gathering at the spot to protest the meeting with various reasons of their claims. As reported by Schneider & Wilson (2010), Toronto’s policy intended to further exploit the environment and people sing a system that sustains colonialism, wars and displacement was opposed largely by a gathering of tens of thousands of people at Toronto. The activists were capable of demonstrating their struggles

Evaluate the Possible Ways to Market a New Business Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Possible Ways to Market a New Business Essay For my business studies coursework, my new business will be a Junior Tennis Academy for talented tennis players aged 3-18. Its name will be named after where it is based, at St Georges College, Weybridge. Therefore its name will be The Weybridge Tennis Academy. It will provide top coaching for young talent, as well as providing state of the art facilities which include four indoor tennis courts, three artificial clay, eight acrylic and three grass courts, as well as a gym where the players can train to help get fitter and stronger to help give them that physical edge over their competitors. We offer these services because tournaments are played on many different surfaces and we need to train our players to the highest possible standard. We also offer a re-stringing service at extremely competitive prices as well as official Weybridge Tennis Academy merchandise supplied by a top sports company, which is available for purchase at a discounted price. These facilities will help the business because Tennis Parents will see that our company has better facilities for their child than another tennis academy down the road. Tennis is a very expensive sport, so therefore our business is not only aimed at the players playing, but also the parents paying. Tennis parents are notoriously pushy people and they are usually quite well off, so therefore the more facilities we can offer, the more likely they will come to us. Usually, when money isnt a factor, people go for the best product, and by offering so many facilities, we have that competitive advantage over our competitors. With our location being in Weybridge, we automatically have good transport links, such as the M25 and Addlestone and Weybridge train stations. This will target all people living in and around London. London is the biggest city in Britain, so therefore we have many more potential customers compared to a tennis academy in for example Northumberland. My business aim is to fill a gap in the market. It will meet a demand for a Tennis academy open to all standards, rather than one where you have to be invited to join. For example the National Tennis Centre at Roehampton, a 32 million pound facility is only open to players who have been invited. The Weybridge Tennis Academy is open to young players of all standards but with the same facilities as the National Tennis Centre. Therefore many more players will pass through the doors of my academy because it is open to a wider range of players. This will then lead to my business making a profit because there is not any other competition in the local area. During this coursework I will need to investigate the potential market and location to enable me to situate my business in the best possible location to help make as much profit as possible. I will also have to research the local competition to identify my main competitors and the buying habits of the local consumers to see what they look for most when investing in a product. The importance of Marketing Marketing is selling the right product, at the right place, at the right time and at the right place. The marketing mix, sometimes known as the four Ps is used to describe the key elements that a consumer wants and needs when buying a new product. I will need to find out what a consumer looks for, and make sure I find the right elements to help make my business successful. My business has to offer the customer a better thing than the local competition otherwise my business will fail. This means that my business will have to offer the customer something that no other tennis academy offers in the local area. This is because obviously if every academy offered the same thing as my business my business would have no competitive edge which will lead to failure. The Weybridge Tennis Academy needs to offer the customer what they want and need. This will then identify the first stage of the marketing mix which is product. The second stage of the, marketing mix is place. Place means how the customers are going to access my academy. There are many factors affecting this decision. It has to be in a place where customers can easily get to, as well as somewhere where there are many potential customers. My business will be situated in St Georges College, Weybridge (hence the name of the business). By being in Weybridge, there are many convenient transport links, such as the M25 or Weybridge or Addlestone train station. Addlestone train station is in fact situated less than a mile away from the centre, which means that there are many good transport links. This will then draw customers in from all around London and the South East. The third section of the Marketing Mix is Price. The Price is how much the product is being sold for. The price is very important to any business because it is normally one of the first things to be looked at when a consumer is considering buying a product. The customer has to think that the business is good value for money, and by comparing the prices of local competition, I will come up with an appropriate pricing method for my business. It is important that I take into account how much the business has cost to build because obviously if the expenditure is higher than the income, I will have made a loss rather than a profit There are many pricing strategies available to me, for instance cost plus pricing, which means setting a price by adding a fixed amount or percentage to the cost of making the product. This means that however much I spend on my Tennis Academy; I will add a percentage of money to this amount and charge the customers that amount. By doing this, I will always make a profit because I will be getting my money back on the expenditure, plus an added amount. The second pricing strategy I could use is to set a price based on competitors pricing. This means that I would look at the price of my competitors product and I would make that cheaper or better value to help make customers buy into my product. The fourth and final section of the Marketing Mix is the promotion. Promotion means how your product is shown to the customer, obviously if the customer does not know the business is there they cannot buy it. One example of this is advertising. There are many ways of promoting a business; it could be through a newspaper, television, internet and radio. These are examples of advertising through the media. Another way of promoting your business is through merchandising. This is a crucial way that I plan to promote my business through players buying official Weybridge Tennis Academy Merchandise, wearing it to tournaments and promoting the company through people seeing the companies name or logo on a back of a players shirt. Most players at my academy will be competing against players from other academies. This is a way of promoting because other players will see the companys logo and the tennis parents may well look into the possibility of sending their child to my academy. However ways such as sales promotion, which could include special offers, price discounts or free gifts, would not be appropriate because my business is looking for long term customer rather than short term customers. To get the best results I will conduct numerous experiments and research which will help me to find what the customers want and need. I will conduct questionnaires, surveys and interviews with other people finding out what they look for in investing in a tennis academy. I will also research statistics such as the number of competing juniors in the south east and also the amount of tennis academies in that area. This will then help me gain a competitive advantage over my competitors. Market Research Market Research is used by a business to try and find out what people want and also what competitors and doing and planning. Market Research helps find out who the customers are, whether they will like the product, how the business can be promoted, how much the customers willing to pay, what type of customer will be interested, how the profile of the customers can be built, whether the business is in the right location and how the products will be distributed. There are two main ways of conducting research. Field/Primary research is used to find out new information, and Desk/Secondary research is useful for looking at an entire market, and analysing trends for future reference. I will use both to research how my business can best achieve its goals and how it can beat competitors to getting customers. Field/Primary research is the process of manually entering the population and asking first hand questions. The advantage of using this method is that it is specific to my business, meaning that it is up to date and relevant. This means that I can ask any questions on any subject, and receive answers that are highly relevant and suitable for my research. There are many techniques which can be used, such as surveys, questionnaires and interviews. I believe that by conducting the research in the area where my business will be situated, I will achieve the most relevant and suitable results. However, to ensure that the data is accurate you need to use large field samples which can be expensive and very time consuming. Desk research is useful for looking at an entire market, whilst analysing past trends for future reference. For example I would have to look at the trends of tennis academies across Britain. Desk research has already been researched and accessed by other companies, so it therefore already exists and therefore it takes no time to conduct or find the data you want. The data can be accessed through the internet, newspapers, government records and market research. Desk research is good because it is easy to obtain and it is cheap. The disadvantage is that it is not specific or relevant to your business. It can also be biased or out of date which severely affects the reliability. I will try and collect Qualitative data so I can then see exactly what people want, as well as their thoughts and feelings. This will then help me know what customers want which will help me gain an edge over the competitors. I will do this by interviewing a select amount of people and finding out what they look for in a tennis academy. The questions asked will be based on how much people will pay, how the location will affect their decision and once again what they look for when investing in a tennis academy. After I have found out the information, I will access it and make it relevant to my business. By knowing what customers look for in a company, I will know what to include when I am trying to promote my business. For instance if a lot of people want indoor courts to make sure that it can never be cancelled or so that there child can play all year round, I will make sure that the fact that my academy has indoor courts is highly publicised. Also, by knowing what customers want, I will have an advantage over my competitors. Evaluation Number of Competing Juniors: Berkshire-149 Essex-343 Hampshire-274 Kent-338 Middlesex-450 Surrey-536 Total number of competing juniors in the south east-2090 Information obtained from www.lta.org.uk Juniors includes all players born in 1990 Tennis academies in the south east: Clive Asprey Tennis Academy-Aldershot Sutton Junior Tennis Centre The National Tennis Centre-Roehampton Win Tennis-Bisham Abbey Esporta-Croydon Westway-London These are all TENNIS ACADEMIES this does not include any LAWN TENNIS CLUBS. Lawn tennis clubs are open to any people and are therefore not relevant to my business. These academies are my main competitors because it is invitational only. There are roughly 2000 competing juniors in the South East and there are six tennis academies (not including my academy) in this area. Therefore on average there are around 300 children to every academy. Obviously this would not be the case in reality but it gives a good idea of the Academy/Player Ratio. INFORMATION OBTAINED BY WWW.YELL.COM 1st Interview 1) What are the 3 main things that you look for in a tennis academy? The three main things I look for are the ability for the academy to get my child to its full potential, therefore I know that I am paying for excellence and I know my moneys being put to good use. The ability to play all year round is very important because I therefore know that sessions can never be cancelled due to weather and my child can therefore train all year round. Lastly the coaches have to be highly qualified and I would like to know a bit about them so I know that they can emphasize with players when they are going through tough times. 2) How would the location affect your decision of where to send your child? There would have to be good roads such as motorways because obviously I dont want to be travelling all the time. Also if my child is of an age that he could travel on his own, I would like there to be easy to access buses and trains for him/her to use. 3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy? I wouldnt mind paying a lot of money as long as the results were shown. Also if I had a younger child, I would want to pay less at first until I see that he/she was improving and that he was committed. As he/she improves I would be more inclined to pay more. 2nd Interview 1) What are the three main things you look for in a tennis academy? I would firstly look at the academys credentials, for instance its results of members, and the proof of its results. It would also have to be good value for money, so therefore I would need to be seeing an improvement in my childs progress. Also the location is important because I dont wish to be travelling all the time. 2) Why is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child? I have got a busy life and I dont wish to be travelling all across the countryside after Ive had a long day at work. It has to be easy to attend so therefore good transport links are vital. 3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy? Obviously there is the factor of whether it can be afforded but the price is not important. I would have to see that my money is being put to good use so therefore the investment has to match the progress. 3rd Interview 1) What are the three main things you look for in a tennis academy? I look at the facilities of the academy, for instance whether it has indoor courts. I would also like to know the standard of the players that attend the academy and the background of the coaches. The attitude and the atmosphere of the academy are crucial because I have to know where I am sending my child. 2) Is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child? Obviously I dont want to be travelling too much and it has to be reasonably local otherwise well spend more time travelling than actually playing. Also I dont want to be paying a fortune for the transport fees, for instance petrol or train/bus fares on top of the price of attending the academy. 3) Is the cost important? The cost is obviously very important otherwise our whole life would be being run by tennis. I would prefer to pay less at the start and once I have seen an improvement or a commitment start to increase the price. Evaluation of Questionnaires: I have found out that what most people want is value for money. This means that however much they put in, they want out. This therefore means that the more they pay, the bigger the improvement in their childs ability they would expect to see. Therefore I think I will give special offers to new customers, such as they get the first term half price so that they know that it is what their child wants to do and also if they do not see an improvement they have the opportunity to pull out. This was suggested to the people that I interviewed and it seemed a popular idea. Secondly, they found the factor of indoor courts crucial as that meant they could play all year round. As my academy would have this facility, this is a good thing, however many other academies have indoor courts and this therefore does not separate us from our competitors. Many people thought that the location was an important factor. Many parents have busy lives and they do not wish to be travelling all over the place. My academy is situated in a place with good public transport links, there are two train stations within two miles of the academy, and it is situated two miles from the M25. This was once again explained to the interviewees and they seemed to be in favour of the placement of my academy. Many people didnt mind about the cost of the academy, as long as they saw the results. This was touched upon earlier and I will use a penetration pricing method, which means that I will make the price quite low at the start to try and draw customers in and then increase it as they see an improvement. This was a major aspect that the people that I interviewed would look for in tennis academy and this will help me gain that competitive advantage. Overall the research I conducted was extremely useful as it told me what customers wanted and needed, as well as giving me statistics that would help me gain a bit more knowledge in this type of business. I found out the amount of competing juniors in the south east, as well as the number of academies. It also told me how customers felt, for instance about the price and location of the academy. The information I have found out will help me in making the decisions about the academy, such as the pricing, structure and promotion of the business. Conclusion/Judgement Overall I believe that my tennis academy will work. There are six full time academies in the South East, not including my one, and there are over two thousand regularly competing juniors in the same area. This means that the ratio of Academies/Players is 6:300. Obviously in reality some academies have more players than others because of reputation, facilities, transport and cost. My academy has state of the art facilities, as explained earlier. It is also situated in a place where there are good channels of distribution and good transport links. This means that customers will be attracted because it is easy to get to. The cost will be determined by a Penetration Pricing Method. This means that my prices will be low for new customers, so that parents then know that their child is improving, or enjoying the experience. Most parents interviewed wanted their money to be payed back through improvement of their childs development. Therefore if I charge low prices at the start, for instance half price for your first term, and the child makes a big improvement, the parent is more likely to want to pay more from then on. If the child does not improve, the parent will then be giving the option of continuing with the programme. This will then help company/customer relations. This will then help my academies reputation, which will then attract more customers. As my academies reputation builds, more profit will come in and we can start charging higher prices. To help promote my academy, I will seek sponsorship from sports companies such as NIKE, Adidas, Wilson, Babolat, Prince, Head, Dunlop, TTK and Lacoste. I will also sell official Academy merchandise such as training kit, match play kit, and tracksuits which will be worn to tournaments by players and other players will see them. This is a way of free advertising as the children/parents would be paying for the kit and wearing it around showing it off to other players and parents. I will also look to gain funding from the Lawn Tennis Association who gives funding to academies that have regularly competing juniors. These are called Satellite Clubs and they are given funding which helps pay for the costs of balls, rackets and other training equipment. As my academy builds in reputation, I will look to gain more funding which will help me make more profit. Overall there is a lot of potential in this product. I believe that people will be attracted to my product because of the facilities, meaning the product itself; the price, meaning that I will make it cheaper at the start to draw customers in; the promotion, for instance the official merchandise that will be seen in tournaments; and finally the place; meaning the channels of distribution. This will attract customers because of where it situated, meaning that it is easy to get to. However my tennis academy does have a lot of competition, which means that I will have to use the knowledge that I found out through the market research to help gain the competitive advantage over my rivals.

Sexual Selection: Fact or Fiction Essay -- Biology Essays Research Pap

Sexual Selection: Fact or Fiction Darwin's theory of sexual selection is an intriguing one because it offers an explanation of human striving and cultural value systems. The theory is that humans who are more sexually desirable will have more offspring and thus their traits will be passed on to future generations to a greater extent than those of less sexually desirable humans. As opposed to Darwin's other theory, natural selection, those who are the best adapted to their environment will be more likely to pass on their genes, or, "survival of the fittest", you might call sexual selection "survival of the sexiest." The theory is intended to in part explain why, when humans diverged from other primates, the human brain tripled in size in just two million years. At first glance, this theory also seems to explain much of the motivation behind human culture and achievement. Upon closer inspection, there are some fairly conspicuous problems with it, especially when it is extended to describe not only human evolution in th e distant past but it the present, but it may still be the most plausible explanation available to explain why humans mental capacities have expanded so far beyond those of our primate relatives. It makes complete sense that we would be biologically driven to prove our sexiness. At the most basic level, this could explain the plenitude and popularity of fashion magazines for young women and the emphasis on being good at sports in school for both genders. Beyond this, it could also explain why men and women are driven to succeed at their various careers, or to be perceived to be successful, smart, witty, fun-loving, good-looking, responsible, or any of a number of things that human aspire to be which are also s... ...corded history. Even if this theory was once true, it does not appear to hold true anymore, because those who we consider the most successful and desirable are not producing the greatest number of offspring, and so, the traits that are being selected for future generations may be entirely different. Ironically, we may be spending our lives trying to prove we have traits which evolution is actually selecting against. References 1) Creativity, Evolution and Mental Illnesses http://jom-emit.cfpm.org/1997/vol1/preti_a&miotto_p.html 2) Evolution, Creativity, and ADD http://borntoexplore.org/evolve.htm 3) Sexual Selection and the Mind: A Talk with Geoffrey Miller http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/miller/miller_p2.html 4) The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?12.008

Optimism and Health Benefits Essay

â€Å"Even the darkest night will end and the sun will rise.† This quote from Victor Hugo is a perfect example of optimism. When someone is optimistic, they have a disposition or tendency to look on the more favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome. Optimism is simply a mental game. The brain can interpret situations or events as being optimized; meaning that some factors may not be fully comprehendible, yet having confidence that the present moment is in an optimist state. This understanding, although criticized by counter views such as pessimism, realism, and idealism, leads to a state of mind that believes everything is as it should be. With optimism, someone contains hopefulness and confidence about the future or the successful outcome of something. Not only does optimism give someone confidence, it also provides many health benefits and a sense of purpose in life. â€Å"Is your glass half empty, or half full?† This saying is a common idiom that illustrates optimism versus pessimism; an optimist is said to see the glass half full, and a pessimist sees the glass as half empty. Winston Churchill provides another unique understanding of this idea: â€Å"The optimist sees opportunity in every danger; the pessimist sees danger in every opportunity,† The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same problems of the world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback. Provoked by a bad situation, they perceive is as a challenge to try harder. If the thoughts that run through one’s head are mostly negative, their outlook on life is more likely to be pessimistic. There is nothing better in life than having a peace of mind that no matter what the troubles are that life may bring, everything will be okay and that life has so much to offer. Unfortunately this peace of mind does not happen over-night, it takes years of trials and experience s to be able to see the bright side of any given situation. People are not automatically born with optimism; they have to experience negative circumstances in order to find the strength to be optimistic in general. Without hardships, optimism would not grow. Optimism often starts with self-talk. These endless streams of unspoken thoughts can either be positive, or negative. Optimism does not mean that one keeps their head in the sand and ignore life’s less unpleasant situations, it just means that the approach to the unpleasantness is in a more positive and productive way. With this approach to any given situation, stress can be reduced. Often time’s people upset themselves over something minute, causing a lack of sleep, unhealthy eating habits, hostile mood, etc. What they do not know is that with a simple thought of, â€Å"I can do this,† or â€Å"It will be okay,† their whole stream of thoughts eventually start following that positive pattern, changing their whole mood, reducing stress, and increasing their chances of overcoming obstacles. Not only does an optimistic view reduce stress, it also decreases the risks of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and infections. Optimism itself, not just its association with happiness, lowers anxiety, thus causing less hostility, and has the potential to lower the risk of a stroke. U.S. researchers followed more than 97,000 women for about eight years. Measures of optimism and cynical hostility were strongly associated with these outcomes: Optimists had a lower incidence of heart disease and total mortality. Conversely, cynical hostility, which is a lack of confidence and increased bitterness, was associated with both higher overall mortality and cancer-related effects. Along with positive health benefits, optimism also gives someone a sense of purpose. American psychologist, Salvatore Maddi, co-author of Resilience at Work: How to Succeed No Matter What Life Throws at You, extensively studied what makes executives tough in the face of work-related stress. He found that the healthiest of executives shared three characteristics: a feeling of commitment, a sense of control in their lives, and an acceptance of life’s stressful moments as challenges rather than threats. This research confirms that having a sense of commitment to a purpose does not merely give someone meaning; it makes them more resistant to the impact of stressful living. This view on optimism can increase one’s chances of succeeding their goals or dreams, and not allowing negative situations to hinder their attitude. With hopefulness that their goals will be achieved, their motivation is amplified as well. Optimism is a way of life that is not learned automatically, it takes time and effort to completely change one’s mindset. This mindset has many positive effects. A firm confidence in one’s self develops, and they have self-assurance that no matter what life throws at them, it is completely possible to overcome those obstacles. Optimists tend to believe that defeat is not their fault; circumstances, bad luck, or other people bring it about. Such people are unfazed by defeat. Optimism not only gives one confidence, but also provides a countless number of health benefits. With an optimistic attitude, depression can be reversed. Although it takes time to get out of a slump, just the start of positive self-talk can remove one out of despair. Positive self-talk also reduces stress and the chance of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and strokes. A sense of purpose also develops with someone who acquires an optimistic mentality. A sense of purpose does not only give someone meaning, it helps them to overcome the stresses that life brings. Optimism merely starts with a simple â€Å"I will be okay.† It takes small steps, but it is completely possible for one to change their outlook on life and not let circumstances defeat one’s life.

The Jungle By Robert Sinclair - 2080 Words

The Jungle is book that takes the reader in a period in time where the â€Å"American Dream† was the only thing worth believing in the daily job struggles of immigrants in America during the early twentieth century. What is the American Dream? It is said that any man or woman willing to work hard in this country and work an honest day is capable living and could support his family and have an equal opportunity to success. Although The Jungle was taken account more on how the meat production was disgusting and unhealthy for production and consumption. However many missed the real message of this book in which Sinclair wants to engage the reader in particular scenario of the failure of capitalism. According to Sinclair, socialism is the only way out of the failure of capitalism. It is the way that all problems can be solved and works for the benefit of everyone where capitalism works against the people. The slow destruction of Jurgis’s family at the hands of a cruel and unfair economic and social system demonstrates the effect of capitalism on the working class. As the immigrants, who believe an idealistic faith in the American Dream of hard work leading to material success, are slowly used up, tortured, and destroyed. Sinclair s The Jungle is one of the most important examples of early twentieth century muckraker journalism, muckrakers sought to expose the corruption within business and government. Journalist did this by publishing articles and books often describing inShow MoreRelatedUpton Sinclair and His Influence on Society Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesUpton Sinclair, the famous American author, wanted to be a great influence on society. He was born in 1878 in Baltimore, Maryland, from a family of Southern aristocracy. His father was an alcoholic and his mother came from a wealthy family. When Sinclair was ten, the family moved to New York. 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